ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: In this study, an outbreak of spontaneous poisoning by Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) in a herd of dairy cattle in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, was investigated. Three deaths occurred in a batch of 16 Jersey cattle, aged between three and four years, kept in a native field. The clinical signs observed were apathy, decreased production, and anorexia, with death occurring within approximately 48 h after the onset of signs. The three cattle were necropsied, and tissue samples were sent for histopathological examination. Necropsy findings included serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, intestines with congested serosa, and marked mesenteric edema. The mucosa of the abomasum of two of the animals was hemorrhagic with bloody content, and among the ruminal content of a bovine, leaves with morphological characteristics compatible with D. viscosa were observed. The livers of the three animals were enlarged, with accentuation of the lobular pattern. Histologically, centrilobular coagulation necrosis with congestion and hemorrhage was observed in the liver. Vacuolization and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the mid-zonal and periportal regions. The diagnosis of poisoning by D. viscosa leaves was based on epidemiological data, necropsy findings, and histopathological alterations. The presence of the plant in the rumen and in the grazing site of the affected cattle was essential for the diagnosis.
RESUMO: Neste trabalho, é descrito um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) ocorrido em um rebanho de bovinos leiteiros, no município de Capão do Leão, no Rio Grande do Sul. Ocorreram três mortes em um lote de 16 bovinos da raça Jersey com idades entre três e quatro anos, mantidos em campo nativo. Os sinais clínicos observados foram apatia, queda na produção e anorexia, com morte em aproximadamente 48 horas após o início dos sinais. Os três bovinos foram necropsiados, e amostras de tecidos foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. Os achados de necropsia incluíam líquido serossanguinolento na cavidade abdominal, intestinos com serosas congestas e marcado edema de mesentério. A mucosa do abomaso de dois animais apresentava-se hemorrágica com conteúdo sanguinolento e, em meio ao conteúdo ruminal de um bovino foram observadas folhas com caracteres morfológicos compatíveis com D. viscosa. O fígado dos três animais estava aumentado, com acentuação do padrão lobular. Histologicamente no fígado havia necrose de coagulação centrolobular com congestão e hemorragia. Nas regiões médio-zonal e periportal observou-se vacuolização e degeneração dos hepatócitos. O diagnóstico de intoxicação pelas folhas D. viscosa foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados de necropsia e nas alterações histopatológicas. A presença da planta no rúmen e no local de pastoreio dos bovinos afetados foi fundamental para o diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT
In this study, an outbreak of spontaneous poisoning by Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) in a herd of dairy cattle in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, was investigated. Three deaths occurred in a batch of 16 Jersey cattle, aged between three and four years, kept in a native field. The clinical signs observed were apathy, decreased production, and anorexia, with death occurring within approximately 48 h after the onset of signs. The three cattle were necropsied, and tissue samples were sent for histopathological examination. Necropsy findings included serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, intestines with congested serosa, and marked mesenteric edema. The mucosa of the abomasum of two of the animals was hemorrhagic with bloody content, and among the ruminal content of a bovine, leaves with morphological characteristics compatible with D. viscosa were observed. The livers of the three animals were enlarged, with accentuation of the lobular pattern. Histologically, centrilobular coagulation necrosis with congestion and hemorrhage was observed in the liver. Vacuolization and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the mid-zonal and periportal regions. The diagnosis of poisoning by D. viscosa leaves was based on epidemiological data, necropsy findings, and histopathological alterations. The presence of the plant in the rumen and in the grazing site of the affected cattle was essential for the diagnosis.(AU)
Neste trabalho, é descrito um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) ocorrido em um rebanho de bovinos leiteiros, no município de Capão do Leão, no Rio Grande do Sul. Ocorreram três mortes em um lote de 16 bovinos da raça Jersey com idades entre três e quatro anos, mantidos em campo nativo. Os sinais clínicos observados foram apatia, queda na produção e anorexia, com morte em aproximadamente 48 horas após o início dos sinais. Os três bovinos foram necropsiados, e amostras de tecidos foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. Os achados de necropsia incluíam líquido serossanguinolento na cavidade abdominal, intestinos com serosas congestas e marcado edema de mesentério. A mucosa do abomaso de dois animais apresentava-se hemorrágica com conteúdo sanguinolento e, em meio ao conteúdo ruminal de um bovino foram observadas folhas com caracteres morfológicos compatíveis com D. viscosa. O fígado dos três animais estava aumentado, com acentuação do padrão lobular. Histologicamente no fígado havia necrose de coagulação centrolobular com congestão e hemorragia. Nas regiões médio-zonal e periportal observou-se vacuolização e degeneração dos hepatócitos. O diagnóstico de intoxicação pelas folhas D. viscosa foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados de necropsia e nas alterações histopatológicas. A presença da planta no rúmen e no local de pastoreio dos bovinos afetados foi fundamental para o diagnóstico.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Poisoning , Blood Coagulation , Hepatocytes , Sapindaceae , Fluconazole , NecrosisABSTRACT
Medicinal plants play a key role in human life as they are helpful in curing several diseases. They not only support health by the pharmacological nature but also utilizable as contraceptive options. The present study reveals that the medicinal plants Melia azedarach and Dodonaea viscosa leaf extracts showing antifertility activity. The decreased sperm count and reproductive organ weights including the necrotic changes in the seminiferous tubules of testis suggesting the antifertility activity of the plants. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and other serological studies were also carried out to know whether side-effects of the extracts.
ABSTRACT
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., Sapindaceae, é uma planta tradicionalmente utilizada como antifebril, anti-reumática e antimicrobiana. Neste trabalho foram determinados parâmetros morfo-anatômicos, por análise macro e microscópicas, das folhas de Dodonaea viscosa, com o objetivo de auxiliar sua diagnose como insumo farmacêutico. Macroscopicamente as folhas apresentam limbo com forma lanceolada, margem inteira, consistência áspera e venação eucamptódroma. O pecíolo é curto, reto e em seção transversal é triangular com os ângulos arredondados. Microscopicamente destaca-se a cutícula com formações lenticulares, os tricomas glandulares com quatro células na base, os tricomas tectores unicelulares de ápice afilado, os estômatos higrofíticos dispostos apenas na face abaxial da epiderme, o parênquima paliçádico com até três camadas de células e os feixes vasculares com xilema envolto por floema e cordões de parênquima que ligam um maciço central de células de parênquima a uma bainha de esclerênquima. Estas características morfo-anatômicas, quando analisadas em conjunto, contribuem no controle botânico de qualidade das folhas de Dodonaea viscosa como insumo farmacêutico.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., Sapindaceae, is a plant traditionally used as anti fever, anti- rheumatic and antimicrobial. This work determined morpho-anatomical parameters, by macro and microscopic analysis of Dodonaea viscosa leaves, aiming to reach their diagnosis as pharmaceutical input. Macroscopically, the leaves have a lanceolate shape limb, full margin, rough consistence and venation eucamptodromous. The petiole is short, straight and in transversal section it is triangular with round angles. Microscopically, the lenticullar formation cuticle is seen with prominence, the glandular thricomes are seen with four cells on the base, the non-glandular unicellular thricomes are seen with pointed apex, the higrophitic stomatas are disposed in the lower surface epidermis only, the palisade parenchyma show up to three-cell layers and vascular bundles with xylem involved by phloem and parenchyma lines which bound a central mass of parenchyma cells to a sclerenchyma sheath. This morph-anatomical characteristic, when analyzed in group, contributes to the botanical quality control of Dodonaea viscosa leaves as pharmaceutical input.
ABSTRACT
To study the effect and mode of action of water extract (DVW) and polar fraction of ethanol extract (DVE-4) of D. viscosa in high-fructose diet induced insulin resistance in male Wistar rats. D. viscosa’s effects were evaluated on a battery of targets involved in glucose homeostasis (in vitro studies). Rats were rendered insulin resistant by feeding 66% (w/w) fructose and 1.1% (v/w) coconut oil mixed with normal pellet diet (NPD) for six weeks. DVW and DVE4 at different doses were administered simultaneously. At the end of the study, blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and insulin were estimated and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) levels were calculated. In addition, enzymatic and non-enzymatic liver antioxidant levels were also estimated. Quantification of biomarker quercetin was done using HPLC. Fructose diet with DVW, DVE-4 significantly reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, HOMA, lipid profiles and significantly improved glucose tolerance and HDL-c levels. In addition, these extract and fraction also decreased oxidative stress by improving endogenous antioxidants. In different bioassays, DVW and DVE-4 inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B with IC50 65.8 and 54.9 g/ml respectively and showed partial inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV. Moreover, DVW and DVE-4, at 10 mg/ml showed 60 and 54.2% binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g. Further, 2.1% (w/w) of quercetin was quantified in bioactive-DVE-4 using HPLC method. The results provide pharmacological evidence of D. viscosa in treatment of prediabetic conditions and these effects may be mediated by interacting with multiple targets operating in diabetes mellitus.